The concept of “holobionts” represents a paradigm shift in biology, where organisms are seen as meta-organisms comprising of animals, plants, and the microbiota. These holobionts consist of trillions of cells, including human cells and microbial cells, which occupy various parts of the body. The idea of symbiosis between different species living together has been around for a long time, but the recognition of holobionts suggests that plants and animals are parts of a united meta-organism. Metagenomics, a technology that analyzes the genomes of everything in a sample, has helped in understanding and identifying holobionts. Researchers are studying holobionts in insects, amphibians, and plants, examining their genetic relationships and the impact of their microbiomes. The concept of holobionts has important implications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and ecology, as it highlights the significance of the microbiome in the functioning and health of organisms.
| Signal | Change | 10y horizon | Driving force |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paradigm shift in biology | From viewing plants and animals as having a microbiome to considering them as parts of a united meta-organism | Greater recognition and understanding of holobionts | Advancements in metagenomics technology |
| Holobionts in insects, amphibians, and plants | Viewing these organisms as holobionts rather than individual creatures | Increased understanding of the role of microbiomes in insects, amphibians, and plants | Research in metagenomics and the impact of microbiomes on organisms |
| Importance of gut microbiome in humans | Recognition of the significance of gut microbes in human health and development | Improved understanding of the gut-brain axis and immune system interactions | Research into the role of gut microbiome in human health |
| Application of holobionics in agriculture and conservation | Using knowledge of holobionts to improve crop resilience and ecosystem health | Development of new methods to enhance crop growth and protect ecosystems | Desire to improve agricultural sustainability and protect threatened ecosystems |