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Denmark Investigates Security Risks of Chinese Electric Buses Following Norwegian Findings, (from page 20251116.)

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Summary

Danish authorities are investigating a security vulnerability in Chinese-made electric buses, specifically Yutong models, which can be remotely deactivated due to the manufacturer’s access for software updates. Concerns arose after Norwegian transport authorities discovered similar issues and began testing the buses in isolation. While Ruter plans to implement stricter security measures for future procurements, Movia, Denmark’s largest transport company with 469 Yutong buses, acknowledged that this issue could affect all vehicles with Chinese electronics. Although no specific deactivation incidents have been reported, concerns remain over potential vulnerabilities. Yutong stated it adheres to all applicable laws and data protection regulations. Meanwhile, experts warn of the risks of Denmark’s reliance on Chinese technology.

Signals

name description change 10-year driving-force relevancy
Security Vulnerabilities in Electric Buses Emerging concerns over security risks of Chinese-made electric buses with remote deactivation capabilities. Shift from perceived safety to growing awareness of security vulnerabilities in public transport vehicles. In 10 years, electric bus systems may have more robust security protocols and local manufacturing to enhance safety. Increasing global focus on cybersecurity and national security within critical infrastructure sectors. 4
Dependence on Foreign Technology Rising awareness of reliance on Chinese technology for public transport and its implications for national security. Transition from heavy reliance on foreign technology to more local and diversified technology solutions. In a decade, there may be a more balanced mix of local and foreign technologies in public transport systems. National security concerns prompting countries to reduce dependence on potentially insecure foreign technology. 4
Increased Scrutiny of Procurement Processes Transport authorities planning stricter security requirements for future vehicle procurements. Move from minimal scrutiny to enhanced evaluation of procurement practices focusing on security vulnerabilities. In 10 years, procurement processes may prioritize security certifications and evaluations before purchasing vehicles. Growing incidents and awareness of cybersecurity threats driving more rigorous assessments in procurement. 5
Shift in Public Trust Potential loss of trust in electric public transport systems due to security concerns. From trusted reliance on electric buses to growing skepticism about their safety and reliability. Public trust in electric public transport could significantly drop, leading to a resurgence of traditional buses or other solutions. Increasing public awareness of cybersecurity risks and government transparency in addressing those concerns. 4
Legislative and Regulatory Changes Potential for new regulations and guidelines addressing the cybersecurity of public transport vehicles. Change from minimal regulations to stricter guidelines ensuring the cybersecurity of public transport systems. Future regulations may enforce strict cybersecurity standards and certifications for all vehicles in public transport. Legislative responses to emerging security threats and public demand for safer transit options. 5

Concerns

name description
Security Vulnerabilities in Electric Buses Remote deactivation of electric buses poses significant risks to public safety and transportation reliability.
Dependency on Chinese Technology Denmark’s reliance on Chinese-made buses raises concerns over national security and control over critical infrastructure.
Potential Exploitation of Remote Access Access for software updates could be exploited maliciously, leading to operational disruptions in public transport systems.
Insufficient Regulatory Measures Current regulations may not adequately address the unique security challenges posed by internet-connected vehicles.
Increasing Complexity of Future Vehicles Next-generation electric buses may become more integrated and present greater security risks than current models.
Inadequate Preparedness for Cyber Threats The authorities may not be fully prepared to address and mitigate emerging cyber threats associated with transportation technology.

Behaviors

name description
Remote System Management Awareness Increased scrutiny and awareness of the risks associated with remote access in vehicles, leading to proactive security measures.
Enhanced Security Protocols Shift towards implementing stricter security requirements in public transport procurement processes to mitigate vulnerabilities.
National and Local Collaboration Collaboration between national and local authorities to address emerging security threats in public transport systems.
Resilience Against Foreign Dependencies Growing calls for reducing reliance on foreign technology providers, particularly from countries with differing values.
Integration of Security in Vehicle Design Recognition that future vehicles will need to be designed with security as a core component, given their increasing connectivity.
Transparency in Data Management Demand for clarity and accountability regarding how vehicle data is managed and protected by manufacturers.

Technologies

name description
Electric Buses with Remote Access Electric buses that can be remotely deactivated and have internet connectivity features, raising security concerns.
Integrated Vehicle Systems Next-generation buses that are more integrated and may possess vulnerabilities due to complex software systems.
Data Storage Encryption Technologies Measures such as storage encryption and access control to protect vehicle-related data from unauthorized access.
Remote Diagnostics and Software Updates Technologies that allow for remote diagnostics and software updates of vehicles, posing security risks if exploited.
Internet of Things (IoT) in Vehicles Vehicles equipped with sensors and internet connectivity that can be targeted for security vulnerabilities.

Issues

name description
Cybersecurity Risks in Public Transport Concerns over remote access vulnerabilities in electric buses highlight the need for enhanced cybersecurity measures in public transport systems.
Dependence on Chinese Technology Growing dependency on Chinese-manufactured vehicles raises geopolitical and security concerns, particularly in strategic sectors like public transportation.
Integrated Vehicle Systems Vulnerability The increasing integration of technology in vehicles presents new security challenges, making them harder to secure against exploitation.
Public Awareness of Security Loopholes Discovery of security loopholes in electric buses necessitates informing the public and stakeholders about potential risks in transportation.
Regulatory Responses to Emerging Technologies The need for new regulations and standards to address security threats posed by emerging technologies in transportation systems.